The first cut is not always the deepest:-)
The title video created by the script in this article will show the first image of
the first cut in cutting-plan cuts.txt as a "still image".
It will fade in, then the title text will fade in, sourrounded by a semitransparent rectangle,
after 4 seconds the title will fade out and the video will start with the clip from which
the title-background was taken.
Everything is backed by the simple directory and file structure I introduced in my
recent article
about fast cutting and joining videos without re-encoding.
This is video cut automation with ffmpeg.
The script below is an alternative to my very simple title video that I documented
recently.
Mind that you need CYGWIN or similar to execute a UNIX shell script on WINDOWS.
Alternative titleForVideos.sh
In the following I will explain the parts of the script in the order they appear.
At end of the article you can find the complete source.
Configurations
#######################################################
# Creates a title for a video with text in file title.txt.
# Developed with ffmpeg 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2.
#######################################################
# configurations
fontcolor=white # foreground color
fontsize=100 # size of text
bordercolor=black # text outline color
boxbordercolor=Silver@0.6 # rectangle color, light gray, 60% opaque
boxborderwidth=40
videoFadeInDuration=1 # seconds
titleFadeDuration=1 # for both fade-in and -out
titleVisibility=4 # without fades
startTitleFadeIn=$videoFadeInDuration # start title fade-in immediately after video fade-in
titleVideo=TITLE.MP4 # file name of the resulting title video, naming convention used by cutVideos.sh
Here on top of the script you can edit configurations that will modify the title video.
It will be a white text, outlined black, surrounded by a gray (boxbordercolor)
semi-transparent (Silver@0.6) rectangle.
The boxborderwidth would make the rectangle bigger.
The videoFadeInDuration is the duration in seconds that the title-video fade-in will last.
After startTitleFadeIn seconds from the beginning of the video the title would start to fade-in,
and this fade would last titleFadeDuration seconds.
The duration of the title video is determined by titleVisibility, which is
the number of seconds the title text will be visible without fades.
Argument Scanning
# argument scanning
[ -z "$1" ] && {
echo "SYNTAX: $0 videoDir/[TITLEVIDEO.MP4] [titleTextFile]" >&2
echo " Creates videoDir/$titleVideo with background image from video in given directory." >&2
echo " If TITLEVIDEO.MP4 is not given on commandline, it will be taken from videoDir/cuts.txt by default." >&2
echo " The title text is in file title.txt, or in titleTextFile, each must be where the videos are." >&2
exit 1
}
if [ -d $1 ] # get start-video and -time from cutting-plan
then
cd $1 || exit 2
cuttingPlan=cuts.txt
[ -f $cuttingPlan ] || {
echo "No cutting-plan cuts.txt found in `pwd`"
exit 3
}
# get first video from cutting-plan, same regexp as in cutVideos.sh
variableSettingScript=`awk '
BEGIN { IGNORECASE = 1; } # make all pattern matching case-insensitive
/^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+\.MP4[ \t]*$/ { # first video file
videoFile = $1
}
/^[0-9]+:[0-9]+/ { # first start time
if (videoFile) { # print shell script
print "firstVideo=" videoFile "; startTime=" $1
exit 0
}
}
' \$cuttingPlan`
eval "$variableSettingScript" # evaluate shell script printed by awk
[ -f "$firstVideo" ] || {
echo "Found no video $firstVideo in `pwd`" >&2
exit 4
}
elif [ -f $1 ]
then
cd `dirname \$1` || exit 2
firstVideo=`basename \$1`
startTime=0
else
echo "Given video template or directory does not exist: $1" >&2
exit 5
fi
titleText=${2:-title.txt}
[ -f $titleText ] || {
echo "Found no $titleText in `pwd`" >&2
exit 6
}
Argument checking is boring but necessary to prepare your script for the future when even you have forgotten how to use it:-)
The first parameter to this script is the directory where the video clips and
the two files cuts.txt (cutting-plan) and title.txt (multiline title text) are.
Both are plain text files, I described them in a
recent article.
If that parameter is empty, the script-syntax is displayed and the script terminates.
Optionally you can add a video that you want the title's background-image to be taken from.
In this case the first image will be taken from the video.
The directory is checked for existence, and the first cut and its start time
gets scanned from the cutting-plan. This is an extended shell technique where you
generate some shell script code in an awk-script, and then execute that code
through the eval (→ "evaluate") built-in shell command.
That way you can set several shell variable values in just one awk-run.
The awk script uses the same patterns as my recenty introduced
cutVideos.sh script
to read the first video and its first cut start time.
Last not least the script checks the existence of title.txt where
the plain text of the title is. This can be a multiline text, but mind that
you must center the lines by using spaces, ffmpeg aligns all lines to the left.
Reading Source Video Properties
# fetch video target properties from first video
echo "Working in `pwd` ..."
streamProperty() { # $1 = property name, $2 = stream name, $3 = video file
ffprobe -v error -select_streams $2 -show_entries stream=$1 -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 $3
}
getVideoProperties() { # $1 = video file
stream=v:0 # first found video
frameRate=`streamProperty r_frame_rate \$stream \$1`
pixelFormat=`streamProperty pix_fmt \$stream \$1`
bitRate=`streamProperty bit_rate \$stream \$1`
stream=a:0 # first found audio
audioCodec=`streamProperty codec_name \$stream \$1`
audioSampleRate=`streamProperty sample_rate \$stream \$1`
echo "r_frame_rate=$frameRate\nbit_rate=$bitRate\npix_fmt=$pixelFormat\naudio_codec=$audioCodec\naudio sample_rate=$audioSampleRate"
}
getVideoProperties $firstVideo
Now that we have a video where we will take the title background image from, we can also
read the properties from that video, so that our title video will have the same technical settings
and can be prepended to the cuts without re-encoding.
The shell function streamProperty() encapsulates the ffprobe command
that serves for reading video properties.
That function gets called by getVideoProperties() which evaluates several
shell variables that will be used later.
It also outputs the properties so that we can compare them to those of the final result video.
Finally we call the getVideoProperties() function with the template video as parameter
to get these parameters into shell variables. Mind that all shell variables are global,
there are no local variables except $1 - $9 inside a shell function.
Image Extraction
# start to work
firstImage=firstFrame.jpg
fadeVideo=fadeVideo.mp4
cleanup() {
rm -f $firstImage $fadeVideo
}
error() {
cleanup
exit $1
}
echo "Extracting image at $startTime from $firstVideo as title background ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-ss $startTime -i $firstVideo -frames:v 1 \
-f image2 $firstImage || error $?
Now the concrete work starts. As preparation some names for temporary files are assigned,
and a cleanup() function that will remove them on script termination.
The error() function is a nice convenience for terminating the script
with the exit-code of the last failed command. We will use it instead of the built-in exit command.
The following ffmpeg commad extracts the image at $startTime (read from cuts.txt)
to the temporary file firstImage.jpg. The parameter pair -frames:v 1 gives the number of frames
to extract. If we had not 1 here, we'd have to give an
image file pattern instead of a name.
After this command we have a background for our title in $firstImage file.
Now we can weave a video from it, overlaying it with a title.
Title Video Creation
The following command does a lot. It builds a video from an image, fades it in,
overlays it with a title that fades in and out, and paints a semi-transparent rectangle behind the title.
I have split the command into lines so that I can explain it better.
Backslash is the UNIX shell newline escape character.
startTitleFadeOut=`echo "\$startTitleFadeIn \$titleFadeDuration \$titleVisibility" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 + $3 }'`
duration=`echo "\$startTitleFadeOut \$titleFadeDuration" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 }'`
echo "Creating faded-in $titleVideo of $duration seconds with title from $titleText ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-loop 1 -i $firstImage -c:v libx264 -t $duration \
-filter_complex "\
[0]split[imagevideo][text];\
[imagevideo]fade=t=in:st=0:d=$videoFadeInDuration[fadedvideo];\
[text]drawtext=
textfile=$titleText:\
fontcolor=$fontcolor:fontsize=h/10:borderw=7:bordercolor=$bordercolor:\
line_spacing=60:\
box=1:boxcolor=$boxbordercolor:boxborderw=$boxborderwidth:\
x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2,\
format=$pixelFormat,\
fade=t=in:st=$startTitleFadeIn:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1,\
fade=t=out:st=$startTitleFadeOut:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1[titletext];\
[fadedvideo][titletext]overlay" \
-pix_fmt $pixelFormat -r $frameRate -b $bitRate $fadeVideo || error $?
First the start time of the title fade-out gets calculated from the sum of
$startTitleFadeIn, $titleFadeDuration and $titleVisibility.
The overall duration of the title video is then the $startTitleFadeOut plus the
fade-out of the title.
The ffmpeg-option -y makes ffmpeg overwrite any file without questions,
and -v error reduces the log-level to error.
The loop 1 -i $firstImage -c:v libx264 -t $duration line generates the video
from the given $firstImage, giving it a duration of $duration in seconds.
The following complex_filer option seems to be one of the most powerful options of ffmpeg.
We can use it to perform several filters in just one ffmpeg-run.
Lets do it line by line. This is a DSL (domain-specific language).
[0]split[imagevideo][text];
The input stream number 0 (image-video created by loop) gets split into a stream "imagevideo" and "text".
[imagevideo]fade=t=in:st=0:d=$videoFadeInDuration[fadedvideo];
The "imagevideo" stream will be filtered to fade in at start-time zero with duration $videoFadeInDuration,
the result will be named "fadedvideo".
[text]drawtext=textfile=$titleText:
The "imagevideo" stream will be filtered to draw a text taken from file $titleText.
Following lines until the closing semicolon ";" are parameterization and further filtering
of the initial drawtext.
fontcolor=$fontcolor:fontsize=h/10:borderw=7:bordercolor=$bordercolor:line_spacing=60:
Sets the color of the text font, the size will be a tenth of the video height (h),
the black font outline will be 7 pixels thick and of given bordercolor.
The distace between multiple lines is set by line_spacing.
box=1:boxcolor=$boxbordercolor:boxborderw=$boxborderwidth:
The rectangle around the text will be of given boxbordercolor, and be of given boxborderwidth.
x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2,
This centers the text. The w and h variables are the width and height of the video,
the text_w and text_h variables are the ready-calculated text width and height.
format=$pixelFormat,
Filters the stream to given pixel-format.
fade=t=in:st=$startTitleFadeIn:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1,
Fades-in the stream with given start-time (st) and duration (d).
fade=t=out:st=$startTitleFadeOut:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1[titletext];
Fades-out the stream with given start-time (st) and duration (d).
Here the text filter ends with a semicolon, and the result gets the name "titletext".
[fadedvideo][titletext]overlay
The stream "fadedvideo" gets overlayed with the stream "titletext".
The text-stream has a transparent background, thus the image will be visible underneath.
-pix_fmt $pixelFormat -r $frameRate -b $bitRate $fadeVideo || error $?
Ensures that everything is in given pixel-format, frames-per-second and bit-rate.
The output will appear in file $fadeVideo. When the ffmpeg command fails,
the error() function will be executed with the ffmpeg's exit-code
and the script will terminate negatively.
Adding a Silent Audio Track
echo "Adding a silent audio track to $titleVideo ..."
ffmpeg -v error -y \
-f lavfi -i anullsrc=sample_rate=$audioSampleRate:channel_layout=stereo \
-i $fadeVideo \
-c:v copy -c:a $audioCodec \
-shortest $titleVideo || error $?
cleanup
echo "Successfully created $titleVideo in `pwd`"
getVideoProperties $titleVideo
The lavfi filter is called to generate a silent audio-track with given sample-rate.
This gets added to the $fadeVideo result, the video stream gets copied, the audio-stream is encoded
using given $audioCodec. Result is written to file $titleVideo - and we are done!
Finally the result video properties get printed out.
This script takes some time to execute. It was never below 20 seconds, the complex filter taking the most time,
although the result is just 7 seconds long.
Here is the script output when I run it over my test video directory:
Working in /media/space/videos/ffmpeg-script/testvideos ...
r_frame_rate=48000/1001
bit_rate=30005060
pix_fmt=yuvj420p
audio_codec=aac
audio sample_rate=48000
Extracting image at 0:0:3.123 from GOPR1486.MP4 as title background ...
Creating faded-in TITLE.MP4 of 7 seconds with title from title.txt ...
Adding a silent audio track to TITLE.MP4 ...
Successfully created TITLE.MP4 in /media/space/videos/ffmpeg-script/testvideos
r_frame_rate=48000/1001
bit_rate=17872542
pix_fmt=yuvj420p
audio_codec=aac
audio sample_rate=48000
Complete Source
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146 | #######################################################
# Creates a title for a video with text in file title.txt.
# Developed with ffmpeg 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2.
#######################################################
# configurations
fontcolor=white # foreground color
fontsize=100 # size of text
bordercolor=black # text outline color
boxbordercolor=Silver@0.6 # rectangle color, light gray, 60% opaque
boxborderwidth=40
videoFadeInDuration=1 # seconds
titleFadeDuration=1 # for both fade-in and -out
titleVisibility=4 # without fades
startTitleFadeIn=$videoFadeInDuration # start title fade-in immediately after video fade-in
titleVideo=TITLE.MP4 # file name of the resulting title video, naming convention used by cutVideos.sh
# argument scanning
[ -z "$1" ] && {
echo "SYNTAX: $0 videoDir/[TITLEVIDEO.MP4] [titleTextFile]" >&2
echo " Creates videoDir/$titleVideo with background image from video in given directory." >&2
echo " If TITLEVIDEO.MP4 is not given on commandline, it will be taken from videoDir/cuts.txt by default." >&2
echo " The title text is in file title.txt, or in titleTextFile, each must be where the videos are." >&2
exit 1
}
if [ -d $1 ] # get start-video and -time from cutting-plan
then
cd $1 || exit 2
cuttingPlan=cuts.txt
[ -f $cuttingPlan ] || {
echo "No cutting-plan cuts.txt found in `pwd`"
exit 3
}
# get first video from cutting-plan, same regexp as in cutVideos.sh
variableSettingScript=`awk '
BEGIN { IGNORECASE = 1; } # make all pattern matching case-insensitive
/^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+\.MP4[ \t]*$/ { # first video file
videoFile = $1
}
/^[0-9]+:[0-9]+/ { # first start time
if (videoFile) { # print shell script
print "firstVideo=" videoFile "; startTime=" $1
exit 0
}
}
' \$cuttingPlan`
eval "$variableSettingScript" # evaluate shell script printed by awk
[ -f "$firstVideo" ] || {
echo "Found no video $firstVideo in `pwd`" >&2
exit 4
}
elif [ -f $1 ]
then
cd `dirname \$1` || exit 2
firstVideo=`basename \$1`
startTime=0
else
echo "Given video template or directory does not exist: $1" >&2
exit 5
fi
titleText=${2:-title.txt}
[ -f $titleText ] || {
echo "Found no $titleText in `pwd`" >&2
exit 6
}
# fetch video target properties from first video
echo "Working in `pwd` ..."
streamProperty() { # $1 = property name, $2 = stream name, $3 = video file
ffprobe -v error -select_streams $2 -show_entries stream=$1 -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 $3
}
getVideoProperties() { # $1 = video file
stream=v:0 # first found video
frameRate=`streamProperty r_frame_rate \$stream \$1`
pixelFormat=`streamProperty pix_fmt \$stream \$1`
bitRate=`streamProperty bit_rate \$stream \$1`
stream=a:0 # first found audio
audioCodec=`streamProperty codec_name \$stream \$1`
audioSampleRate=`streamProperty sample_rate \$stream \$1`
echo "r_frame_rate=$frameRate\nbit_rate=$bitRate\npix_fmt=$pixelFormat\naudio_codec=$audioCodec\naudio sample_rate=$audioSampleRate"
}
getVideoProperties $firstVideo
# start to work
firstImage=firstFrame.jpg
fadeVideo=fadeVideo.mp4
cleanup() {
rm -f $firstImage $fadeVideo
}
error() {
cleanup
exit $1
}
echo "Extracting image at $startTime from $firstVideo as title background ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-ss $startTime -i $firstVideo -frames:v 1 \
-f image2 $firstImage || error $?
startTitleFadeOut=`echo "\$startTitleFadeIn \$titleFadeDuration \$titleVisibility" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 + $3 }'`
duration=`echo "\$startTitleFadeOut \$titleFadeDuration" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 }'`
echo "Creating faded-in $titleVideo of $duration seconds with title from $titleText ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-loop 1 -i $firstImage -c:v libx264 -t $duration \
-filter_complex "\
[0]split[imagevideo][text];\
[imagevideo]fade=t=in:st=0:d=$videoFadeInDuration[fadedvideo];\
[text]drawtext=
textfile=$titleText:\
fontcolor=$fontcolor:fontsize=h/10:borderw=7:bordercolor=$bordercolor:\
line_spacing=60:\
box=1:boxcolor=$boxbordercolor:boxborderw=$boxborderwidth:\
x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2,\
format=$pixelFormat,\
fade=t=in:st=$startTitleFadeIn:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1,\
fade=t=out:st=$startTitleFadeOut:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1[titletext];\
[fadedvideo][titletext]overlay" \
-pix_fmt $pixelFormat -r $frameRate -b $bitRate $fadeVideo || error $?
echo "Adding a silent audio track to $titleVideo ..."
ffmpeg -v error -y \
-f lavfi -i anullsrc=sample_rate=$audioSampleRate:channel_layout=stereo \
-i $fadeVideo \
-c:v copy -c:a $audioCodec \
-shortest $titleVideo || error $?
cleanup
echo "Successfully created $titleVideo in `pwd`"
getVideoProperties $titleVideo
|
Update 2021-10-26
Here is a fixed variant of the script, keeping the time_base of the video the image is taken from:
#######################################################
# Creates a title for a video with text in file title.txt.
# Developed with ffmpeg 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2.
#######################################################
# configurations
fontcolor=white # foreground color
fontsize=100 # size of text
bordercolor=black # text outline color
boxbordercolor=Silver@0.6 # rectangle color, light gray, 60% opaque
boxborderwidth=40
videoFadeInDuration=1 # seconds
titleFadeDuration=1 # for both fade-in and -out
titleVisibility=4 # without fades
startTitleFadeIn=$videoFadeInDuration # start title fade-in immediately after video fade-in
titleVideo=TITLE.MP4 # file name of the resulting title video, naming convention used by cutVideos.sh
# argument scanning
[ -z "$1" ] && {
echo "SYNTAX: $0 videoDir/[TITLEVIDEO.MP4] [titleTextFile [startSecond]]" >&2
echo " Creates videoDir/$titleVideo with background image from video in given directory." >&2
echo " If TITLEVIDEO.MP4 is not given on commandline, it will be taken from videoDir/cuts.txt by default." >&2
echo " The title text is in file title.txt, or in titleTextFile, must be where the videos are." >&2
echo " Parameter startSecond only works when video file is given." >&2
exit 1
}
if [ -d $1 ] # get start-video and -time from cutting-plan
then
cd $1 || exit 2
cuttingPlan=cuts.txt
[ -f $cuttingPlan ] || {
echo "No cutting-plan cuts.txt found in `pwd`"
exit 3
}
# get first video from cutting-plan, same regexp as in cutVideos.sh
variableSettingScript=`awk '
BEGIN { IGNORECASE = 1; } # make all pattern matching case-insensitive
/^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+\.MP4[ \t]*$/ { # first video file
videoFile = $1
}
/^[0-9]+:[0-9]+/ { # first start time
if (videoFile) { # print shell script
print "firstVideo=" videoFile "; startTime=" $1
exit 0
}
}
' \$cuttingPlan`
eval "$variableSettingScript" # evaluate shell script printed by awk
[ -f "$firstVideo" ] || {
echo "Found no video $firstVideo in `pwd`" >&2
exit 4
}
elif [ -f $1 ]
then
cd `dirname \$1` || exit 2
firstVideo=`basename \$1`
startTime=${3:-0}
else
echo "Given video template or directory does not exist: $1" >&2
exit 5
fi
titleText=${2:-title.txt}
[ -f $titleText ] || {
echo "Found no $titleText in `pwd`" >&2
exit 6
}
# fetch video target properties from first video
echo "Working in `pwd` ..."
streamProperty() { # $1 = property name, $2 = stream name, $3 = video file
ffprobe -v error -select_streams $2 -show_entries stream=$1 -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 $3
}
getInverseTimeBase() { # $1 = video path
streamProperty time_base v:0 $1 | sed 's/^1\///'
}
outputVideoProperties() { # $1 = video path
echo "$1:\n frameRate=`streamProperty r_frame_rate v:0 \$1`\n pixelFormat=`streamProperty pix_fmt v:0 \$1`\n timeBase=`streamProperty time_base v:0 \$1`"
}
getVideoAndAudioProperties() { # $1 = video file
stream=v:0 # first found video
frameRate=`streamProperty r_frame_rate \$stream \$1`
pixelFormat=`streamProperty pix_fmt \$stream \$1`
timeBase=`streamProperty time_base \$stream \$1`
stream=a:0 # first found audio
audioCodec=`streamProperty codec_name \$stream \$1`
audioSampleRate=`streamProperty sample_rate \$stream \$1`
}
getVideoAndAudioProperties $firstVideo
# start to work
firstImage=firstFrame.jpg
fadeVideo=fadeVideo.mp4
cleanup() {
rm -f $firstImage $fadeVideo
}
error() {
cleanup
exit $1
}
echo "Extracting image at $startTime from $firstVideo as title background ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-ss $startTime -i $firstVideo -frames:v 1 \
-f image2 $firstImage || error $?
startTitleFadeOut=`echo "\$startTitleFadeIn \$titleFadeDuration \$titleVisibility" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 + $3 }'`
duration=`echo "\$startTitleFadeOut \$titleFadeDuration" | awk '{ print $1 + $2 }'`
# keep time_base
inverseTimeBase=`getInverseTimeBase \$firstVideo`
keepTimeBase="-video_track_timescale $inverseTimeBase"
outputVideoProperties $firstVideo
echo "Creating faded-in $titleVideo of $duration seconds with title from $titleText ..."
ffmpeg -y -v error \
-loop 1 -i $firstImage -c:v libx264 -t $duration \
-filter_complex "\
[0]split[imagevideo][text];\
[imagevideo]fade=t=in:st=0:d=$videoFadeInDuration[fadedvideo];\
[text]drawtext=
textfile=$titleText:\
fontcolor=$fontcolor:fontsize=h/10:borderw=7:bordercolor=$bordercolor:\
line_spacing=60:\
box=1:boxcolor=$boxbordercolor:boxborderw=$boxborderwidth:\
x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2,\
format=$pixelFormat,\
fade=t=in:st=$startTitleFadeIn:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1,\
fade=t=out:st=$startTitleFadeOut:d=$titleFadeDuration:alpha=1[titletext];\
[fadedvideo][titletext]overlay" \
-pix_fmt $pixelFormat -r $frameRate $keepTimeBase $fadeVideo || error $?
# outputVideoProperties $fadeVideo
echo "Adding a silent audio track to $titleVideo ..."
ffmpeg -v error -y \
-f lavfi -i anullsrc=sample_rate=$audioSampleRate:channel_layout=stereo \
-i $fadeVideo \
-c:v copy -c:a $audioCodec \
-shortest $titleVideo || error $?
cleanup
echo "Successfully created $titleVideo in `pwd`"
outputVideoProperties $titleVideo
