Every two years Ubuntu releases a major ugrade. This year I got an incredibly slow Ubuntu 22.04 on my DELL laptop.
No one seems to be aware that MS-WINDOWS meanwhile boots incredibly fast and outperforms Ubuntu by far. See also my Blog about Ubuntu 20.04 ugrade.
First, I saw a line like this one on my boot console:
Dependency failed for SSSD SSH Service responder socket
You can view such messages after boot by entering
grep -i "Depend" /var/log/syslog
SSSD (System Security Service Daemon) seems to be not needed for isolated computer installations, and anyway, if it fails starting, I should disable it:
sudo systemctl stop sssd sudo systemctl disable sssd
Displaying boot time consumptions is provided by systemd-analyze:
systemd-analyze blame
Output was:
41.472s plocate-updatedb.service 23.363s snapd.service 21.246s networkd-dispatcher.service 20.560s apport-autoreport.service 17.905s udisks2.service 14.792s ModemManager.service 14.678s systemd-journal-flush.service 13.575s NetworkManager-wait-online.service 13.446s accounts-daemon.service 9.811s dev-sda8.device 8.168s power-profiles-daemon.service 7.840s polkit.service 7.775s avahi-daemon.service 7.772s NetworkManager.service 6.895s switcheroo-control.service 6.885s thermald.service 6.883s systemd-logind.service 6.750s dev-loop6.device .....
This command prints a list of all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize. This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might be slow simply because it waits for the initialization of another service to complete. ....
This command hence gives an impression of the performance of program code, but cannot accurately reflect latency introduced by waiting for hardware and similar events.
Unfortunately snapd.service is needed, Firefox is now a snap-application in Ubuntu 22.04. I could get rid of all snap-apps on Ubuntu 20.04, but now I have to consume it. Snap is a LINUX deployment system, similar to Docker, a snap-bundle contains all its library dependencies (trying to circumvent dependency hell in times of TeraByte disks). There is also a Snap Store on the internet.
I disabled some services that took a lot of time, or created error messages and seemed to be not needed:
sudo systemctl stop plocate-updatedb.service sudo systemctl disable plocate-updatedb.service sudo systemctl stop apport-autoreport.service sudo systemctl disable apport-autoreport.service sudo systemctl stop NetworkManager-wait-online.service sudo systemctl mask NetworkManager-wait-online.service sudo systemctl stop networkd-dispatcher.service sudo systemctl disable networkd-dispatcher.service # created errors sudo systemctl disable ureadahead.service sudo systemctl mask ureadahead.service
The plocate-updatedb.service took the most time. It indexes hard disk files and provides a very fast plocate command. I don't use that command and very rarely search my whole disk.
The apport-autoreport.service reports system failures to the outer world.
The NetworkManager-wait-online.service is important only when you are in a network with other computers.
The networkd-dispatcher.service is needed on computers that drive VPN or are network administrator machines.
These commands would enable a service again:
sudo systemctl enable networkd-dispatcher.service sudo systemctl start networkd-dispatcher.service
sudo systemctl unmask NetworkManager-wait-online.service sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
Back from booting I encountered it was not faster, but did not crash, and network is alright. In that case I will have to wait for an Ubuntu ugrade that hopefully will fix this slow boot. It is the graphical user-interface that takes a long time to build up. Lots of long and complex discussions of this issue on the web.
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